The Raven Thesis :: essays research papers

The first Human Cloned Embryo Article written by: Jose B. Cibelli, Robert P. Lanza and Michael D West, with Carol Ezzell (summary)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parthenogenesis is a process of generating human embryos from only eggs put therapeutic cloning within reach   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On October 13, 2001 the scientist of Advance Cell Technology come to see that their laboratory cells were dividing, the first human embryos were cloning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The scientists were hoping for the cells to divide into 100 or so cells called blastocysts. They wanted to take these blastocysts and have them grow to replace nerve, muscle and other tissues. But only one of them came to the Six-cell stage and by then it stopped dividing. They had done a similar procedure they had eggs grow without sperm to fertilize, to develop parthenogenetically into blastocysts they think that using these to procedures together they could achieve human cloning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 2001 scientist attempted to create a cloned human embryo, they had consulted all the necessary sources before getting the â€Å"ok† to begin â€Å"creating†. Then they had to find a female subject to donate eggs. To start the process of cloning they need to use a very fine needle and get the genetic information from a mature egg. Then they inject it into the nucleus of a donor cell. The female donors were asked to take psychological and physical tests to screen for diseases and what not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cloning was first attempted last July, because it depended on the menstrual cycles of the subjects, the subjects also had to take hormones so that they would ovulate 10 or so eggs at once.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They seemed to have had a touch of success when the nucleus of a fibroblast had appeared to divide but it never completed. It took 71 eggs from seven volunteers before they could create their first cloned embryo. Out of the eight eggs with cumulus cells, two of them divided to form early embryos of four cells and another went to at least six cells before it stopped growing.

Nitrophenol Essay

Abstract: Using a micro scale steam distillation we separated ortho and para-nitrophenol from a mixture that was already made. After the para and ortho were separated we measured their melting points and compared it to the literature values for purity. For ortho-nitrophenol we had 60% recovery and for para 160% recovery. Our melting point ranges were ortho: 45-46Â °C and para 64-95Â °C. Introduction:Â  Nitration: In phenols, -OH group strongly activates the ring system. As a result, phenols are susceptible to oxidation in the presence of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3). Thus, nitration of phenols is carried out with dilute nitric acid and results in the formation of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol. The o-nitrophenol is steam volatile and the mixture of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol is separated by steam distillation, in our case using micro scale measurements for safety and time consumption purposes. (Electrophilic aromatic substitution) We used steam distillation because we are distilling under 100Â °C; above 100Â °C is H2O. Looking at the volatility of o-nitrophenol compared to p-nitrophenol, the p-nitrophenol has intermolecular hydrogen bonding and it occurs due to a large number of molecules are associated together. This association in the p-isomer makes it less volatile. However in o-nitrophenol, intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs and thus, it exists in a monomolecular state making it more volatile. Results/Discussion: Using a sand bath for transferring of heat through the distillation which was sitting on a hot plate. Using a small round bottom flask which was attached to Hickman’s distillation head and then we attached water through the openings. Using 1.00g of the prepared mixture we placed it in the round bottom flask along with 1.00mL of ethanol and then filled it about 2/3 with water. We added a magnetic spin-vane to the flask as well. We collected the yellow waxy ortho-isomer from groove in Hickman’s distillation head using a Pasteur pipette. We made sure that the solids did not accumulate as this would clog the condenser. If it did we would just turn off the cold water momentarily and the hot vapor would melt the solid. The distillation took about 45 minutes and even though this was the specified time period for distilling the mixture, we felt as though much of the ortho-isomer was left in the small round bottom flask along with the para-isomer and the spin valve. In order to characterize the 2- and 4-nitrophenols, we need to determine their melting points. We compared our results to those in the literature. Data:Â  *some ortho solidified in the Pasteur pipette so there might arise a percent error from this as some ortho was left in there. *we assumed that the starting mixture was about 50% each of o- and p-nitrophenol.

The Progression Of Satan In John Miltons Paradise Lost

The Progression of Satan Paradise Lost is an epic poem written by John Milton other uses this epic poem to depict the integral scenes, or rather, experiences that lead up to the fall of mankind in the Garden of Eden. In the Bible, as well as all prominent, and popular religious works; there is a clear distinction as to who the reader should be cheering for throughout their readings. However, John Miltons Paradise Lost has turned this concept on its head. Rather than placing the focus onto Adam, Eve, or even God himself - Milton instead chooses to place the main focus on to Satan. The Fallen Angels, and Satan are meant to be are antagonists within this epic poem. But, do they start out this way? Satan is usually conveyed as a†¦show more content†¦In an ironic twist satan dressed before Adam, Eve, Jesus, or even God. Once the Palm goes into. About the beginning of the Fall; will you see Satan and the Fallen Angels have woken up in a lake of fire. Theyre bound to the burning Lake, and have been thrown out from heaven due to their lack of Desire to be under the servitude of God. Without any kind of context it could be perceived that Satan, the Fallen Angels are victims within this scenario. The act of Satan, and the Fallen Angels being removed from heaven and falling from grace directly mirrors the fall of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. It is an interesting point for John Milton to place within Paradise Lost; as it makes it Satan appear Almost Human. This is a stark contrast compared to most religious written works. Even after being defeated, Satan is not deterred from his desire to fight against God, and Heaven. Satan would go on to let out a speech to the Fallen Angels. He really is his Legion of Fallen Angels, and persuades them that this fight is not over in this scene, Satan is almost represented as if he is an underdog. The speech is moving, and even includes slightly manipulated quotes from other epic works. Again, this is something that seems fitting for someone the reader would be rooting for. Satans admiralty continues into Book 2 of Paradise Lost. As the Fallen Angels begin to question what they should do now; Satan begins a debate among them. EvenShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of Western Literature : John Milton, Walt Whitman And Franz Kafka1422 Words   |  6 Pagesmodernism, Western literature has saw a significant evolution. Three works, Paradise Lost, an epic poem that shows the struggle for man to grasp the concept of God, Leaves of Grass, a set of poems that celebrate the author’s sense of life through self-expression, and Metamorphosis, which illustrates the life of a man who let modern life demean him, illustrate through different styles how they reflect their times. Their authors, John Milton, Walt Whitman and Franz Kafka, were able to show how in these differentRead More The Rape of Proserpina and Eves Fall in Miltons Paradise Lost3715 Words   |  15 PagesThe Rape of Proserpina and Eves Fall in Miltons Paradise Lost She pluckd, she eat (PL IX.781). With these four monosyllables, Milton succinctly announces the Fall of Eve in Paradise Lost. Eves Fall, however, is far more complex than a simple act of eating, for her disobedience represents a much greater loss of chastity. Indeed, Milton implies that the Fall is a violation not only of Gods sole commandment but also of Eve herself, for Milton implicitly equates Diss ravishment of ProserpinaRead MoreParadaise Lost by John Milton Essay750 Words   |  3 PagesEve in the Garden of Eden The most important characters in the epic poem, â€Å"Paradise Lost†, are Satan and Eve. These two characters are most responsible for the development and progression of events within the poem. 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